I think one ot the key things to bear in mind is that Longhorn is being build from the ground up around the .NET philosophy.
Indeed, if you believe the hype the .NET FW will eventually replace the Win32 layer. Just because currently MS has chosen to implement a lot of it's classes on top of Win32 (probably for speed of development) does not mean they will continue to do so in the future. Essentially Win32 is a wrapper around calls into the kernel, so as new kernel calls are added in Longhorn and beyond, it makes sense that the associated .NET classes will make these calls direct to the kernel. As such I think we'll see (on the Windows platform at least) .NET performance getting better and better.
Additionally, with longhorn and beyond the framework will become part of the operating system, (much as Win32 is now) and we should see performance gains from this...