movafova

Ok, so the only way I've managed to smooth out the flickering with drawing to this panel I have is by capturing the invalidate event and the paint event, with both just calling the same function. This, unfortunately, leads to a stack overflow, but the animation is smoother.

Oh yeah, I also should mention that I'm drawing inside a panel, not there entire window... how do you setstyle for a panel?

I'm new to all this... so is that harder than just setting the style of the window to ControlStyles.DoubleBuffer? I already did that, and it didn't seem to affect the flickering at all.

I'm making a program with four viewports that each display different angles of the same scene. I'm writing this in C# using MDX and no seems to have tried this. I know the SDK docs say "use multiple swap chains", but I found some C++ code where some just did it with multiple viewports. With that in mind, why does this program flicker so badly? namespace CameraPlacer { /// <summary> /// Summary description for Form1. /// </summary> public class MainForm : System.Windows.Forms.Form { private Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D.Device DirectDevice; private VertexBuffer VertBuf; private System.Windows.Forms.Button SubtractCamera; private System.Windows.Forms.Button AddCamera; private System.Windows.Forms.Panel Buttons; private Camera UpperLeft; private Camera UpperRight; private Camera LowerLeft; private Camera LowerRight; private ArrayList Cameras = new ArrayList(); private int Active; private float angle = 0.1f; private System.Windows.Forms.Panel DrawPanel; private Mesh Tea; /// <summary> /// Required designer variable. /// </summary> private System.ComponentModel.Container components = null; public MainForm() { // // Required for Windows Form Designer support // InitializeComponent(); InitializeGraphics(); this.SetStyle(ControlStyles.AllPaintingInWmPaint | ControlStyles.Opaque | ControlStyles.UserPaint | ControlStyles.DoubleBuffer, true); } /// <summary> /// Clean up any resources being used. /// </summary> protected override void Dispose( bool disposing ) { if( disposing ) { if (components != null) { components.Dispose(); } } base.Dispose( disposing ); } public void InitializeGraphics() { // Set our presentation parameters PresentParameters presentParams = new PresentParameters(); presentParams.Windowed = true; presentParams.SwapEffect = SwapEffect.Discard; //presentParams.PresentationInterval = PresentInterval.Immediate; presentParams.PresentFlag = PresentFlag.DeviceClip; // Create our device and cameras DirectDevice = new Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D.Device(0, Microsoft.DirectX.Direct3D.DeviceType.Hardware, DrawPanel, CreateFlags.HardwareVertexProcessing, presentParams); UpperLeft = new Camera(.035f, 0, 0, 5, 0, presentParams.BackBufferHeight, presentParams.BackBufferWidth); UpperRight = new Camera(.035f, 0, 5, 0, 0, presentParams.BackBufferHeight, presentParams.BackBufferWidth); LowerLeft = new Camera(.035f, 5, 0, 0, 0, presentParams.BackBufferHeight, presentParams.BackBufferWidth); LowerRight = new Camera(.035f, 0, 0, 5, 0, presentParams.BackBufferHeight, presentParams.BackBufferWidth); UpperLeft.ProjMatrix = Matrix.PerspectiveFovLH((float)Math.PI / 4, UpperLeft.View.Width / UpperLeft.View.Height, .035f, 5.0f); UpperRight.ProjMatrix = Matrix.PerspectiveFovLH((float)Math.PI / 4, UpperLeft.View.Width / UpperLeft.View.Height, .035f, 5.0f); LowerLeft.ProjMatrix = Matrix.PerspectiveFovLH((float)Math.PI / 4, UpperLeft.View.Width / UpperLeft.View.Height, .035f, 5.0f); UpperLeft.View.X = 0; UpperLeft.View.Y = 0; UpperRight.View.X = presentParams.BackBufferWidth / 2; UpperRight.View.Y = 0; LowerLeft.View.X = 0; LowerLeft.View.Y = presentParams.BackBufferHeight / 2; Cameras.Add(new Camera(.035f, .07f, 0, 0, 0, presentParams.BackBufferHeight, presentParams.BackBufferWidth)); Active = 0; LowerRight = (Camera) Cameras[Active]; VertBuf = new VertexBuffer(typeof(CustomVertex.PositionColored), 3, DirectDevice, Usage.Dynamic | Usage.WriteOnly, CustomVertex.PositionColored.Format, Pool.Default); VertBuf.Created += new EventHandler(this.OnVertexBufferCreate); OnVertexBufferCreate(VertBuf, null); } private void OnVertexBufferCreate(object sender, EventArgs e) { VertexBuffer buffer = (VertexBuffer)sender; CustomVertex.PositionColored[] verts = new CustomVertex.PositionColored[3]; verts[0].SetPosition(new Vector3(0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f)); verts[0].Color = System.Drawing.Color.Aqua.ToArgb(); verts[1].SetPosition(new Vector3(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f)); verts[1].Color = System.Drawing.Color.Black.ToArgb(); verts[2].SetPosition(new Vector3(1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f)); verts[2].Color = System.Drawing.Color.Purple.ToArgb(); buffer.SetData(verts, 0, LockFlags.None); } #region Windows Form Designer generated code /// <summary> /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify /// the contents of this method with the code editor. /// </summary> private void InitializeComponent() { this.SubtractCamera = new System.Windows.Forms.Button(); this.AddCamera = new System.Windows.Forms.Button(); this.Buttons = new System.Windows.Forms.Panel(); this.DrawPanel = new System.Windows.Forms.Panel(); this.Buttons.SuspendLayout(); this.SuspendLayout(); // // SubtractCamera // this.SubtractCamera.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 0); this.SubtractCamera.Name = "SubtractCamera"; this.SubtractCamera.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(16, 16); this.SubtractCamera.TabIndex = 4; this.SubtractCamera.Text = "-"; this.SubtractCamera.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.SubtractCamera_Click); // // AddCamera // this.AddCamera.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 0); this.AddCamera.Name = "AddCamera"; this.AddCamera.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(16, 16); this.AddCamera.TabIndex = 5; this.AddCamera.Text = "+"; this.AddCamera.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.AddCamera_Click); // // Buttons // this.Buttons.Controls.Add(this.SubtractCamera); this.Buttons.Controls.Add(this.AddCamera); this.Buttons.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Top; this.Buttons.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 0); this.Buttons.Name = "Buttons"; this.Buttons.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(1016, 16); this.Buttons.TabIndex = 8; // // DrawPanel // this.DrawPanel.Dock = System.Windows.Forms.DockStyle.Fill; this.DrawPanel.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(0, 16); this.DrawPanel.Name = "DrawPanel"; this.DrawPanel.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(1016, 725); this.DrawPanel.TabIndex = 9; this.DrawPanel.Paint += new System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventHandler(this.DrawPanel_Paint); // // MainForm // this.AutoScaleBaseSize = new System.Drawing.Size(5, 13); this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(1016, 741); this.Controls.Add(this.DrawPanel); this.Controls.Add(this.Buttons); this.Name = "MainForm"; this.Text = "FirstAttempt"; this.Buttons.ResumeLayout(false); this.ResumeLayout(false); } #endregion /// <summary> /// The main entry point for the application. /// </summary> [sTAThread] static void Main() { using (MainForm frm = new MainForm()) { // Show our form and initialize our graphics engine frm.Show(); Application.Run(frm); } } private void AddCamera_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { Cameras.Add(new Camera(.035f, .07f, 0, 0, 0, DirectDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferHeight, DirectDevice.PresentationParameters.BackBufferWidth)); } private void SubtractCamera_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e) { if (Cameras.Count > 1) Cameras.RemoveAt(Active); } private void DrawPanel_Paint(object sender, System.Windows.Forms.PaintEventArgs e) { LowerRight = (Camera) Cameras[Active]; DirectDevice.Transform.World = Matrix.RotationAxis(new Vector3(angle / ((float)Math.PI * 2.0f), angle / ((float)Math.PI * 4.0f), angle / ((float)Math.PI * 6.0f)), angle / (float)Math.PI); DirectDevice.RenderState.CullMode = Cull.None; angle += 0.1f; DirectDevice.RenderState.Lighting = false; DirectDevice.VertexFormat = CustomVertex.PositionColored.Format; DirectDevice.SetStreamSource(0, VertBuf, 0); DirectDevice.Viewport = UpperLeft.View; DirectDevice.Clear(ClearFlags.Target, System.Drawing.Color.Red, 1.0f, 0); DirectDevice.Transform.Projection = UpperLeft.ProjMatrix; DirectDevice.Transform.View = Matrix.LookAtLH(UpperLeft.Location, new Vector3(), new Vector3(0,1,0)); DirectDevice.BeginScene(); DirectDevice.DrawPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 1); DirectDevice.EndScene(); DirectDevice.Present(); DirectDevice.Viewport = UpperRight.View; DirectDevice.Clear(ClearFlags.Target, System.Drawing.Color.CornflowerBlue, 1.0f, 0); DirectDevice.Transform.Projection = UpperRight.ProjMatrix; DirectDevice.Transform.View = Matrix.LookAtLH(UpperRight.Location, new Vector3(), new Vector3(0,1,0)); DirectDevice.BeginScene(); DirectDevice.DrawPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 1); DirectDevice.EndScene(); DirectDevice.Present(); DirectDevice.Viewport = LowerLeft.View; DirectDevice.Clear(ClearFlags.Target, System.Drawing.Color.Green, 1.0f, 0); DirectDevice.Transform.Projection = LowerLeft.ProjMatrix; DirectDevice.Transform.View = Matrix.LookAtLH(LowerLeft.Location, new Vector3(), new Vector3(0,1,0)); DirectDevice.BeginScene(); DirectDevice.DrawPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 1); DirectDevice.EndScene(); DirectDevice.Present(); DirectDevice.Viewport = LowerRight.View; DirectDevice.Clear(ClearFlags.Target, System.Drawing.Color.Gray, 1.0f, 0); DirectDevice.Transform.Projection = LowerRight.ProjMatrix; DirectDevice.Transform.View = Matrix.LookAtLH(LowerRight.Location, new Vector3(), new Vector3(0,1,0)); DirectDevice.BeginScene(); DirectDevice.DrawPrimitives(PrimitiveType.TriangleList, 0, 1); DirectDevice.EndScene(); DirectDevice.Present(); DrawPanel.Invalidate(); } } }