C# gives you things like Polymorphism, Encapsulation and inheritance.
Inheritance is currently limited to single inheritance (although MI may make a future version of the framework)
Polymorphism is supported through Inheritance and interfaces (which remove a lot - but not all of the reasons for Multiple Inheritance).
If you are familiar with C++ then a lot of C# will be familiar (if statements, loop constructs, variable declaration etc)
C# can't do everything C++ can but how many people actually need to do everything C++ can?
C# on the other hand gives the developer an easier ride with system provided strings, arrays, collections etc as well as memory management (via Garbage collection)